NAME?

Word or term used for identification by an external observer

Names of places (toponyms) on a road sign indicating their direction in Bali, Republic of indonesia

A name is a term used for identification by an external observer. They tin identify a class or category of things, or a single thing, either uniquely, or inside a given context. The entity identified by a proper noun is called its referent. A personal name identifies, not necessarily uniquely, a specific individual homo. The name of a specific entity is sometimes chosen a proper name (although that term has a philosophical meaning equally well) and is, when consisting of only one word, a proper noun. Other nouns are sometimes called "common names" or (obsolete) "general names". A name can be given to a person, place, or thing; for example, parents can give their child a name or a scientist can give an element a proper noun.

Etymology

The word proper name comes from Sometime English nama; cognate with Former German (OHG) namo, Sanskrit नामन् (nāman), Latin nomen, Greek ὄνομα (onoma), and Persian نام (nâm), from the Proto-Indo-European (PIE) *h₁nómn̥.^[1] Outside Indo-European, it can be connected to Proto-Uralic *nime.

Naming conventions

A naming convention is a set of agreed, stipulated, or generally accepted standards, norms, social norms, or criteria for naming things.

Parents may follow a naming convention when selecting names for their children. Some have chosen alphabetical names by nativity gild. In some East Asian cultures it is mutual for one syllable in a two-syllable given name to be a generation name which is the same for immediate siblings. In many cultures it is common for the son to be named after the father or a grandfather. In sure African cultures, such equally in Cameroon, the eldest son gets the family unit name for his given name. In other cultures, the name may include the place of residence, or the identify of birth. The Roman naming convention denotes social rank.

Major naming conventions include:

• Astronomical naming conventions
• In biology, binomial nomenclature
• In chemistry, chemical nomenclature
• In classics, Roman naming conventions
• In computer programming, identifier naming conventions
• In figurer networking, calculator naming schemes
• Planetary nomenclature in planetary science
• In sciences generally, systematic names for a variety of things

Products may follow a naming convention. Automobiles typically have a binomial name, a "make" (manufacturer) and a "model", in addition to a model twelvemonth, such equally a 2007 Chevrolet Corvette. Sometimes there is a name for the car'southward "ornamentation level" or "trim line" as well: e.g., Cadillac Escalade EXT Platinum, after the precious metal. Computers oft have increasing numbers in their names to signify the next generation.

Courses at schools typically follow a naming convention: an abbreviation for the bailiwick area and then a number ordered by increasing level of difficulty.

Many numbers (due east.grand., bank accounts, government IDs, credit cards, etc.) are not random but accept an internal construction and convention. Near all organizations that assign names or numbers will follow some convention in generating these identifiers. Airline flight numbers, Infinite Shuttle flight numbers, even phone numbers all take an internal convention.

Personal name

A signature is a person's own handwritten proper name

A personal proper noun is an identifying discussion or words by which an individual is intimately known or designated.^[2] In many countries, it is traditional for individuals to have a personal name (also called a given name or first name) and a surname (also called a terminal proper name or family name considering information technology is shared by members of the same family).^[3] Some people have two surnames, 1 inherited from each parent. In most of Europe and the Americas, the given proper noun typically comes before the surname, whereas in parts of Asia and Republic of hungary the surname comes before the given name. In some cultures information technology is traditional for a woman to take her married man's surname when she gets married.

A common practice in many countries is patronym which means that a component of a personal proper noun is based on the given proper name of i'due south begetter. A less common practice in countries is matronym which means that a component of a personal proper name is based on the given name of one'south female parent. In some Eastward Asian cultures, it is traditional for given names to include a generation name, a syllable shared between siblings and cousins of the same generation.

Eye names are as well used by many people as a third identifier, and tin be chosen for personal reasons including signifying relationships, preserving pre-marital/maiden names (a popular practice in the United States), and to perpetuate family names. The exercise of using middle names dates back to ancient Rome, where it was common for members of the elite to accept a praenomen (a personal name), a nomen (a family name, non exactly used the mode middle names are used today), and a cognomen (a name representing an individual attribute or the specific branch of a person's family unit).^[4] Heart names somewhen barbarous out of use, merely regained popularity in Europe during the nineteenth century.^[4]

Besides first, middle, and last names, individuals may also have nicknames, aliases, or titles. Nicknames are informal names used by friends or family to refer to a person ("Chris" may be used as a short form of the personal name "Christopher"). A person may choose to use an alias, or a imitation proper noun, instead of their real name, maybe to protect or obscure their identity. People may likewise accept titles designating their office in an institution or profession (members of majestic families may use various terms such as King, Queen, Duke, or Duchess to signify their positions of authority or their relation to the throne).^[3]

Names of names

In onomastic terminology, personal names of men are called andronyms (from Ancient Greek ἀνήρ / man, and ὄνομα / proper name),^[5] while personal names of women are called gynonyms (from Ancient Greek γυνή / woman, and ὄνομα / name).^[half-dozen]

Names of humans (anthroponyms)

Proper name of ...	Name of name
Full proper name of a person	Personal name
Outset name of a person	Given name
Family name	Surname
Residents of a locality	Demonym
Ethnic group	Ethnonym
False or assumed name	Pseudonym
Pseudonym of an writer	Pen proper name
Pseudonym of a performer	Stage name
Other names	-onym-suffixed words

Names of non-human entities

Proper noun of a...	Name of name
Any geographical object	Toponym
Trunk of water	Hydronym
Mountain or loma	Oronym
Region or state	Choronym
Whatever inhabited locality	Econym
Village	Comonym
Boondocks or metropolis	Astionym
Cosmic object	Cosmonym
Star	Astronym
Other names	-onym-suffixed words

Make names

Developing a name for a brand or product is heavily influenced by marketing enquiry and strategy to be appealing and marketable. The make proper name is often a neologism or pseudoword, such as Kodak or Sony.

Religious names

Two charts from an Arabic copy of the Secretum Secretorum for determining whether a person will live or dice based on the numerical value of the patient's name.

In the ancient world, especially in the ancient near-east (Israel, Mesopotamia, Egypt, Persia) names were thought to be extremely powerful and act, in some ways, as a dissever manifestation of a person or deity.^[7] This viewpoint is responsible both for the reluctance to apply the proper name of God in Hebrew writing or speech communication, as well as the mutual understanding in ancient magic that magical rituals had to be carried out "in [someone's] name". By invoking a god or spirit by name, one was idea to be able to summon that spirit's ability for some kind of miracle or magic (see Luke 9:49, in which the disciples claim to have seen a man driving out demons using the proper noun of Jesus). This understanding passed into later on religious tradition, for example the stipulation in Catholic exorcism that the demon cannot be expelled until the exorcist has forced information technology to give up its name, at which point the name may exist used in a stern command which will drive the demon away.

Biblical names

In the Old Testament, the names of individuals are meaningful, and a change of name indicates a change of status. For example, the patriarch Abram and his married woman Sarai were renamed "Abraham" and "Sarah" at the establishment of the Abrahamic covenant (Genesis 17:4, 17:15). Simon was renamed Peter when he was given the Keys to Sky. This is recounted in the Gospel of Matthew affiliate 16, which according to Roman Cosmic education^[8] was when Jesus promised to Saint Peter the power to take binding actions.^[9] Proper names are "saturated with meaning".^[ten]

Throughout the Bible, characters are given names at birth that reverberate something of significance or describe the course of their lives. For example: Solomon meant peace,^[11] and the king with that name was the showtime whose reign was without war.^[12] Likewise, Joseph named his firstborn son Manasseh (Hebrew: "causing to forget")(Genesis 41:51); when Joseph also said, "God has fabricated me forget all my troubles and everyone in my father's family." Biblical Jewish people did not accept surnames which were passed from generation to generation. All the same, they were typically known as the child of their father. For case: דוד בן ישי (David ben Yishay) meaning, David, son of Jesse (1 Samuel 17:12,58). Today, this manner of name is all the same used in Jewish religious rites.

Indian proper name

Indian names are based on a variety of systems and naming conventions, which vary from region to region. Names are also influenced by organized religion and caste and may come from epics. Bharat's population speaks a wide variety of languages and nearly every major organized religion in the world has a following in India. This variety makes for subtle, often disruptive, differences in names and naming styles. Due to historical Indian cultural influences, several names across South and Southeast Asia are influenced by or adapted from Indian names or words.

For some Indians, their nativity name is unlike from their official name; the nascence proper name starts with a randomly selected name from the person's horoscope (based on the nakshatra or lunar mansion corresponding to the person'southward birth).

Many children are given three names, sometimes as a office of religious teaching.

Quranic names (Standard arabic names)

We can encounter many Arabic names in the Quran and in Muslim people, such as Allah, Muhammad, Khwaja, Ismail, Mehboob, Suhelahmed, Shoheb Ameena, Aaisha, Sameena, Rumana, Swaleha, etc. The names Mohammed and Ahmed are the same, for example Suhel Ahmad or Mohammad Suhel are the same. In that location are many similar names in Islam and Christianity, such as Yosef (Islamic)/Joseph (Christian), Adam/Adam, Dawood/David, Rumana/Romana, Maryam/Mary, Nuh/Noah, etc.

Name use past animals

The use of personal names is not unique to humans. Dolphins^[13] and green-rumped parrotlets^[fourteen] too use symbolic names to address contact calls to specific individuals. Individual dolphins accept distinctive signature whistles, to which they volition respond even when in that location is no other information to analyze which dolphin is existence referred to.

Run into also

• Chinese name
• Man names
• Legal proper noun
• List of adjectival forms of place names
• Proper name calling – a form of verbal abuse
• Names of God
• Numeral (linguistics)
• Onomastics – the report of proper names
• Popular true cat names
• Championship (publishing)

References

1. ^ "Online Etymology Dictionary". Archived from the original on 2008-09-28. Retrieved 2008-09-20 . ; The asterisk earlier a word indicates that information technology is a hypothetical construction, not an attested course.
2. ^ "personal name". Merriam-Webster.com. Merriam-Webster. Retrieved 18 June 2018.
3. ^ ^{a b} "General words for names, and types of name". macmillandictionary.com. Macmillan Dictionary. Retrieved 18 June 2018.
4. ^ ^{a b} Fabry, Merrill (Baronial sixteen, 2016). "Now Y'all Know: Why Do We Have Center Names?" (web article). Time.com. Fourth dimension. Retrieved 18 June 2018.
5. ^ Room 1996, p. half-dozen.
6. ^ Barolini 2005, p. 91, 98.
7. ^ "Egyptian Religion", E. A. Wallis Budge", Arkana 1987 edition, ISBN 0-14-019017-ane
8. ^ Catechism of the Cosmic Church, para 881: "The episcopal college and its head, the Pope" Archived 2010-09-06 at the Wayback Machine
9. ^ The Routledge Companion to the Christian Church building by Gerard Mannion and Lewis South. Mudge (Jan 30, 2008) ISBN 0415374200 page 235
10. ^ Baruch Hochman, Character in Literature (Cornell University Press, 1985), 37.
11. ^ Campbell, Mike. "Meaning, origin and history of the proper noun Solomon". Backside the Name . Retrieved 2018-12-27 .
12. ^ "Solomon, the King". world wide web.dawnbible.com . Retrieved 2018-12-27 .
13. ^ "Dolphins Name Themselves With Whistles, Written report Says". National Geographic News. May 8, 2006. Archived from the original on Nov 14, 2006.
14. ^ Berg, Karl S.; Delgado, Soraya; Okawa, Rae; Beissinger, Steven R.; Bradbury, Jack W. (2011-01-01). "Contact calls are used for individual mate recognition in free-ranging green-rumped parrotlets, Forpus passerinus". Beast Behaviour. 81 (1): 241–248. doi:10.1016/j.anbehav.2010.10.012. ISSN 0003-3472. S2CID 42150361.

Sources

• Barolini, Teodolinda, ed. (2005). Medieval Constructions in Gender And Identity: Essays in Honor of Joan Thousand. Ferrante. Tempe: Arizona Center for Medieval and Renaissance Studies. ISBN9780866983372.
• Bruck, Gabriele vom; Bodenhorn, Barbara, eds. (2009) [2006]. An Anthropology of Names and Naming (2d ed.). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
• Fraser, Peter M. (2000). "Ethnics as Personal Names". Greek Personal Names: Their Value every bit Show (PDF). Oxford: Oxford Academy Press. pp. 149–157.
• Roberts, Michael (2017). "The Semantics of Demonyms in English". The Semantics of Nouns. Oxford: Oxford University Printing. pp. 205–220. ISBN978-0-19-873672-1.
• Room, Adrian (1996). An Alphabetical Guide to the Language of Name Studies. Lanham and London: The Scarecrow Printing. ISBN9780810831698.

Further reading

• "Names" past Sam Cumming, Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy (SEP), a philosophical dissertation on the syntax and semantics of names
• Pilcher, Jane (2017). "Names, Bodies and Identities". Folklore. 50 (iv): 764–779. doi:10.1177/0038038515582157. S2CID 145136869.
• Matthews, Elaine; Hornblower, Simon; Fraser, Peter Marshall, Greek Personal Names: Their Value as Evidence, Proceedings of the British Academy (104), Oxford University Press, 2000. ISBN 0-19-726216-3
• Name and Course – from Sacred Texts Buddhism

External links

Wikiquote has quotations related to: Name

Wikimedia Commons has media related to names.

• Lexicon of Greek Personal Names, Oxford (over 35,000 published names)
• Behind The Name, The etymology of first names
• The Name Tradition In The Christian Culture
• Kate Monk's Onomastikon Names over the world throughout the history
• "Name". Encyclopædia Britannica (11th ed.). 1911.

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Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Name

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